资源类型

期刊论文 493

年份

2024 2

2023 33

2022 46

2021 37

2020 29

2019 38

2018 28

2017 29

2016 22

2015 20

2014 18

2013 19

2012 18

2011 16

2010 23

2009 16

2008 31

2007 28

2006 8

2005 7

展开 ︾

关键词

个人热管理 2

卫星 2

数值模拟 2

火灾 2

2035 1

60 GHz;天线阵列;线极化;圆极化;毫米波 1

Au/Ti双功能催化剂 1

BFT 1

COVID-19 1

Cu(Inx 1

DNA组装 1

EFP 1

Fluent 1

Ga1–x)Se2 1

H2O/CO2共电解 1

H2有效利用率 1

IHNI-1反应堆;热工水力;子通道;安全分析 1

IKPCA 1

Inconel 718合金 1

展开 ︾

检索范围:

排序: 展示方式:

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen

R. Senthil KUMAR,M. LOGANATHAN,E. James GUNASEKARAN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 486-494 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0368-4

摘要: Hydrogen (H ) is being considered as a primary automotive fuel and as a replacement for conventional fuels. Some of the desirable properties, like high flame velocity, high calorific value motivate us to use hydrogen fuel as a dual fuel mode in diesel engine. In this experiment, hydrogen was inducted in the inlet manifold with intake air. The experiments were conducted on a four stroke, single cylinder, water cooled, direct injection (DI), diesel engine at a speed of 1500 r/min. Hydrogen was stored in a high pressure cylinder and supplied to the inlet manifold through a water-and-air-based flame arrestor. A pressure regulator was used to reduce the cylinder pressure from 140 bar to 2 bar. The hydrogen was inducted with a volume flow rate of 4l pm, 6l pm and 8l pm, respectively by a digital volume flow meter. The engine performance, emission and combustion parameters were analyzed at various flow rates of hydrogen and compared with diesel fuel operation. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was increased and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased for the hydrogen flow rate of 8l pm as compared to the diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen. The hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) were decreased and the oxides of nitrogen (NO ) increased for higher volume flow rates of hydrogen compared to diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen. The heat release rate and cylinder pressure was increased for higher volume flow rates of hydrogen compared to diesel and lower volume flow rates of hydrogen.

关键词: hydrogen     brake thermal efficiency     crank angle     compressed ignition (CI)    

Coupling evaluation for material removal and thermal control on precision milling machine tools

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第17卷 第1期   页码 12-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0668-9

摘要: Machine tools are one of the most representative machining systems in manufacturing. The energy consumption of machine tools has been a research hotspot and frontier for green low-carbon manufacturing. However, previous research merely regarded the material removal (MR) energy as useful energy consumption and ignored the useful energy consumed by thermal control (TC) for maintaining internal thermal stability and machining accuracy. In pursuit of energy-efficient, high-precision machining, more attention should be paid to the energy consumption of TC and the coupling relationship between MR and TC. Hence, the cutting energy efficiency model considering the coupling relationship is established based on the law of conservation of energy. An index of energy consumption ratio of TC is proposed to characterize its effect on total energy usage. Furthermore, the heat characteristics are analyzed, which can be adopted to represent machining accuracy. Experimental study indicates that TC is the main energy-consuming process of the precision milling machine tool, which overwhelms the energy consumption of MR. The forced cooling mode of TC results in a 7% reduction in cutting energy efficiency. Regression analysis shows that heat dissipation positively contributes 54.1% to machining accuracy, whereas heat generation negatively contributes 45.9%. This paper reveals the coupling effect of MR and TC on energy efficiency and machining accuracy. It can provide a foundation for energy-efficient, high-precision machining of machine tools.

关键词: machine tools     cutting energy efficiency     thermal stability     machining accuracy     coupling evaluation    

Real-time monitoring of brake shoe keys in freight cars

Rong ZOU,Zhen-ying XU,Jin-yang LI,Fu-qiang ZHOU

《信息与电子工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第16卷 第3期   页码 191-204 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400305

摘要: Condition monitoring ensures the safety of freight railroad operations. With the development of machine vision technology, visual inspection has become a principal means of condition monitoring. The brake shoe key (BSK) is an important component in the brake system, and its absence will lead to serious accidents. This paper presents a novel method for automated visual inspection of the BSK condition in freight cars. BSK images are first acquired by hardware devices. The subsequent inspection process is divided into three stages: first, the region-of-interest (ROI) is segmented from the source image by an improved spatial pyramid matching scheme based on multi-scale census transform (MSCT). To localize the BSK in the ROI, census transform (CT) on gradient images is developed in the second stage. Then gradient encoding histogram (GEH) features and linear support vector machines (SVMs) are used to generate a BSK localization classifier. In the last stage, a condition classifier is trained by SVM, but the features are extracted from gray images. Finally, the ROI, BSK localization, and condition classifiers are cascaded to realize a completely automated inspection system. Experimental results show that the system achieves a correct inspection rate of 99.2% and a speed of 5 frames/s, which represents a good real-time performance and high recognition accuracy.

关键词: Condition monitoring     Feature expression     Brake shoe key     Machine vision    

Wear mechanism of disc-brake block material for new type of drilling rig

WANG Xinhua, WANG Simin, ZHANG Siwei, WANG Deguo

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第3卷 第1期   页码 10-16 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0009-2

摘要: To improve friction and wear performance and service life of the disc-brake pair material of a drilling rig, a new type of asbestos-free frictional material with better performance for disc-brake blocks is developed, and its wear mechanism is investigated by friction and wear experiments. Topography and elementary components of the brake block’s wear surface are analyzed by employing SEM and EDAX patterns, revealing its tribological behaviour and wear mechanism. When the frictional temperature is lower, the surface film of the brake block is thinner, dense, smooth with plasticity, and divided into the mixture area, Fe-abundant area, carbon-abundant area and spalling area. The mixture area consists of various constituents of frictional pairs without ploughing and rolling trace. The Fe-abundant area mainly consists of iron and other constituents. The carbon-abundant area is the zone where graphite and organic fibre are comparatively gathered, while the spalling area is the zone where the surface film is spalled and its surface is rough and uneven, with a loose and denuded state. During the period of high frictional temperature, the frictional surface is also divided into the mixture area, Fe-abundant area and spalling area. In this case, the mixture area consists of abrasive dust from friction pairs, and the surface film is distributed with crumby hard granules, exiguous oxide, carbide granules and sheared slender fibre. The Fe-abundant area is mostly an oxide layer of iron with a flaky distribution. Fracture and spalling traces as well as an overlapping structure of multilayer surface films can be easily found on the surface film. The components of the spalling area are basically the same as that of the matrix. At the beginning of wear, the hard peaks from the friction surface of the disc-brake plough on the surface of the brake block. With increasing frictional temperature, the friction surface begins to soften and expand, and oxidized wear occurs at the same time. During the high-temperature wear period, severely influenced by friction heat, obvious softening and plastic flow can be found on the friction surface of the brake block, its anti-shearing ability is weakened, and adhesive wear is intensified. Thermal decomposition of cohesive material in the brake block is simultaneously strengthened, so that constituents shed due to loss of adhesion. Organic fibre is in a flowing state and obviously generates drawing, shearing, carbonization and oxidization. In addition, thermal cracking, thermal oxidization, carbonization and cyclization of organic substances on the surface of brake block can make the friction surface produce pores or cracks, thus fatigue wear occurs.

关键词: asbestos-free frictional     Fracture     cyclization     friction     disc-brake    

Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 579-589 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0557-z

摘要: This paper establishes an irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio ( ) and Miller cycle ratio ( ) on the power output ( ), thermal efficiency ( ) and ecological function ( ), obtain the optimal and optimal , and compare the performance characteristics of DMC with its simplified cycles and with different optimization objective functions, the , and of irreversible DMC are analyzed and optimized by applying the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. Expressions of , and are derived. The relationships among , , and compression ratio ( ) are obtained by numerical examples. The effects of and on , , , maximum power output ( ), maximum efficiency ( ) and maximum ecological function ( ) are analyzed. Performance differences among the DMC, the Otto cycle (OC), the Dual cycle (DDC), and the Otto-Miller cycle (OMC) are compared for fixed design parameters. Performance characteristics of irreversible DMC with the choice of , and as optimization objective functions are analyzed and compared. The results show that the irreversible DMC engine can reach a twice-maximum power, a twice-maximum efficiency, and a twice-maximum ecological function, respectively. Moreover, when choosing as the optimization objective, there is a 5.2% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 2.7% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective. However, there is a 5.6% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 1.3% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective.

关键词: finite-time thermodynamics     Dual-Miller cycle     power output     thermal efficiency     ecological function    

distribution of modulated multi-pulse injection modes based diesel HCCI combustion and their effects on engine thermalefficiency and emissions

LIU Bin, SU Wanhua, WANG Hui, HUANG Haozhong

《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 420-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0061-7

摘要: Cycle fuel energy distribution and combustion characteristics of early in-cylinder diesel homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion organized by modulated multi-pulse injection modes are studied by the engine test.

关键词: combustion     compression     homogenous     in-cylinder     modulated multi-pulse    

Thermal and energy analysis of a Chinese kang

Zhi ZHUANG, Yuguo LI, Xudong YANG, Bin CHEN, Jiaping LIU,

《能源前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 84-92 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0009-x

摘要: About 67million Chinese kangs are still used by about 175million people in China today. The kang utilizes biomass burning for space heating and hence reduces the use of commercial energy. However, the existing design of kangs is largely based on the accumulated experience of craftsmen, for lack of scientific studies and engineering design guidelines. Poor construction of kangs also leads to serious indoor air pollution. In this paper, a macroscopic smoke flow and heat transfer model of an elevated kang is integrated in a widely-used building energy analysis software in China–DeST, and the integrated software can be used for the thermal performance analysis of kang-integrated houses. A typical house with kangs in various villages of northern China is chosen as a case study. The annual performance of the kang under different insulations of building envelope and climatic conditions are discussed. Based on the simulation results, it is found that the thermal comfort requirement of the outside surface of the upper kang plate can be met by a proper construction of the kang and selection of the appropriate firing pattern. The better the insulation of the building envelope is or the better the room air tightness is, the greater the indoor air temperature rise and the greater the building heating load contribution of the kang. In the eight selected cities in northern China, the use of kang can meet 50%–80% of the house heating load.

关键词: Chinese kang     elevated kang     rural house thermal modeling     building energy efficiency     DeST    

Transient analysis of thermoelastic contact problem of disk brakes

Ali BELHOCINE, Mostefa BOUCHETARA

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第8卷 第2期   页码 150-159 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0266-6

摘要:

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the thermomechanical behavior of the dry contact between the brake disk and pads during the braking phase. The simulation strategy is based on computer code ANSYS11. The modeling of transient temperature in the disk is actually used to identify the factor of geometric design of the disk to install the ventilation system in vehicles. The thermal-structural analysis is then used with coupling to determine the deformation established and the Von Mises stresses in the disk, the contact pressure distribution in pads. The results are satisfactory compared to those found in the literature.

关键词: brake disks     heat flux     heat-transfer coefficient     Von Mises stress     contact pressure    

Peroxyacetyl nitrate measurements by thermal dissociation–chemical ionization mass spectrometry in an

Xinfeng Wang, Tao Wang, Likun Xue, Wei Nie, Zheng Xu, Steven C. N. Poon, Wenxing Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0925-7

摘要: Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important indicator of photochemical smog and has adverse effects on human health and vegetation growth. A rapid and highly selective technique of thermal dissociation–chemical ionization mass spectrometry (TD-CIMS) was recently developed to measure the abundance of PAN in real time; however, it may be subject to artifact in the presence of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we tested the interference of the PAN signal induced by NO, evaluated the performance of TD-CIMS in an urban environment, and investigated the concentration and formation of PAN in urban Hong Kong. NO caused a significant underestimation of the PAN signal in TD-CIMS, with the underestimation increasing sharply with NO concentration and decreasing slightly with PAN abundance. A formula was derived to link the loss of PAN signal with the concentrations of NO and PAN, which can be used for data correction in PAN measurements. The corrected PAN data from TD-CIMS were consistent with those from the commonly used gas chromatography with electron capture detection, which confirms the utility of TD-CIMS in an urban environment in which NO is abundant. In autumn of 2010, the hourly average PAN mixing ratio varied from 0.06 ppbv to 5.17 ppbv, indicating the occurrence of photochemical pollution in urban Hong Kong. The formation efficiency of PAN during pollution episodes was as high as 3.9 to 5.9 ppbv per 100 ppbv ozone. PAN levels showed a near-linear increase with NO concentration, suggesting a control policy of NO reduction for PAN pollution.

关键词: TD-CIMS     Peroxyacetyl nitrate     Interference     Photochemical pollution     Formation efficiency    

Experimental study of heat transfer coefficient with rectangular baffle fin of solar air heater

Foued CHABANE,Nesrine HATRAF,Noureddine MOUMMI

《能源前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 160-172 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0321-y

摘要: This paper presents an experimental analysis of a single pass solar air collector with, and without using baffle fin. The heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and air can be considerably increased by using artificial roughness on the bottom plate and under the absorber plate of a solar air heater duct. An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of roughness and operating parameters on heat transfer. The investigation has covered the range of Reynolds number from 1259 to 2517 depending on types of the configuration of the solar collectors. Based on the experimental data, values of Nusselt number have been determined for different values of configurations and operating parameters. To determine the enhancement in heat transfer and increment in thermal efficiency, the values of Nusselt have been compared with those of smooth duct under similar flow conditions.

关键词: Nusselt number     flow rate     heat transfer     heat transfer coefficient     thermal efficiency     forced convection    

一种高效的二冲程发动机概念——结合空气混合动力系统的增压 直流扫气式直喷汽油(BUSDIG)发动机 Review

王新颜, 赵华

《工程(英文)》 2019年 第5卷 第3期   页码 535-547 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.03.008

摘要:

本研究提出并设计了一种新颖的二冲程增压直流扫气式直喷汽油(BUSDIG)发动机,以实现发动机小型化和低速化,进而提升发动机的性能和效率。本文综述了BUSDIG 发动机的设计和开发过程,并总结了主要的研究成果。为了最大限度地提高发动机的扫气性能,并实现合理的缸内流动以促进燃油/ 空气的混合过程,本研究采用三维(3D)计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟手段系统分析了发动机缸径/ 冲程比(B/S)、扫气道角度和进气道的设计。此外,本研究还系统分析了扫气口和排气门开启型线对扫气过程的影响。为实现最佳的缸内燃油分层,采用经过实验标定的Reize-Diwakar模型开展了缸内喷雾的CFD 模拟,系统分析了不同喷油策略对缸内混合气形成过程的影响。基于优化后的BUSDIG 发动机设计方案,在Ricardo WAVE 软件中构建了对应的一维(1D)发动机计算模型。计算结果表明,采用稀薄燃烧和喷水策略,二冲程BUSDIG发动机的最高有效热效率可达47.2%。在化学计量燃空当量比条件下,BUSDIG 发动机在1600 r∙min–1 的转速下可实现379 N∙m 的扭矩,在4000 r∙min–1 的转速下可达到112 kW∙L–1 的功率密度。

关键词: 二冲程发动机     直流扫气     发动机设计     发动机模拟     扫气性能     热效率    

Three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis and design of permanent magnet retarder

Lezhi YE, Desheng LI, Bingfeng JIAO

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第5卷 第4期   页码 438-441 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0111-0

摘要: An eddy current retarder for vehicles generates much heat when it works continuously, which leads to serious decline in braking torque. This paper proposes a novel permanent magnet retarder (PMR) for vehicles, whose cooling system connects with engine cooling-water. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to model the electromagnetic behavior of a permanent magnet retarder under a constant speed. The magnetic field and eddy current field in PMR are numerically solved by a finite element method. By accounting for the nonlinear permeability of the rotor and the weakened effect in the magnetic field that is generated by the eddy current magnetic field, the calculation accuracy of air-gap magnetic field is enhanced. Experiment shows that the temperature of the retarder is less than 150°C, and the braking torque keeps the hard characteristics curve. The calculated air-gap magnetic flux density is fairly good agreement with the measured one.

关键词: auxiliary brake     permanent magnet retarder     water-cooling     finite element method    

The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiency

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 185-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017149

摘要: This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency (IE), crop water use efficiency (WUE), and green and blue water footprint (WF). We take winter wheat in an experimental field in Northern China as a case study and consider a dry, average and wet year. We conducted 24 modeling experiments with the AquaCrop model, for all possible combinations of four irrigation techniques, two irrigation strategies and three mulching methods. Results show that deficit irrigation most effectively improved blue water use, by increasing IE (by 5%) and reducing blue WF (by 38%), however with an average 9% yield reduction. Organic or synthetic mulching practices improved WUE (by 4% and 10%, respectively) and reduced blue WF (by 8% and 17%, respectively), with the same yield level. Drip and subsurface drip irrigation improved IE and WUE, but drip irrigation had a relatively large blue WF. Improvements in one water efficiency indicator may cause a decline in another. In particular, WUE can be improved by more irrigation at the cost of the blue WF. Furthermore, increasing IE, for instance by installing drip irrigation, does not necessarily reduce the blue WF.

关键词: field management     irrigation efficiency     water footprint     water productivity     water use efficiency    

Impact of oxygen enriched combustion on the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine

K. RAJKUMAR, P. GOVINDARAJAN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 398-403 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0157-7

摘要: In the present experiment, a computerized single cylinder diesel engine with a data acquisition system was used to study the effects of oxygen enriched combustion technology (OECT) on the performance characteristics. The use of different levels of oxygen-enriched air was compared with respect to percentage load. Increasing the oxygen content in the air leads to faster burn rates and increases the combustibility at the same stoichiometry (oxygen-to-fuel ratio). These effects have the potential to increase the thermal efficiency and specific power output of a diesel engine. The power increases considerably with oxygen enrichment. In addition, oxygen enrichment can also be considered as a way to reduce the sudden loss in power output when the engine operates in a high load condition. Assessed high combustion temperature from the oxygen enriched combustion leads to high combustion efficiency. OECT reduces the volume of flue gases and reduces the effects of greenhouse effects. Engine tests were conducted in the above said engine for different loads and the following performance characteristics like brake power (BP), specific fuel consumption (SFC), mean effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, and exhaust gas temperature were studied. The objective of this paper is to address, in a systematic way, the key technical issues associated with applying OECT to single cylinder diesel engines.

关键词: oxygen enriched combustion     exhaust gas temperature     brake power (BP)     specific fuel consumption (SFC)    

Evaluating R&D efficiency of China’s listed lithium battery enterprises

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 473-485 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0213-5

摘要: Promoting the growth of the lithium battery sector has been a critical aspect of China’s energy policy in terms of achieving carbon neutrality. However, despite significant support on research and development (R&D) investments that have resulted in increasing size, the sector seems to be falling behind in technological areas. To guide future policies and understand proper ways of promoting R&D efficiency, we looked into the lithium battery industry of China. Specifically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used as the primary approach based on evidence from 22 listed lithium battery enterprises. The performance of the five leading players was compared with that of the industry as a whole. Results revealed little indication of a meaningful improvement in R&D efficiency throughout our sample from 2010 to 2019. However, during this period, a significant increase in R&D expenditure was witnessed. This finding was supported, as the results showed that the average technical efficiency of the 22 enterprises was 0.442, whereas the average pure technical efficiency was at 0.503, thus suggesting that they were suffering from decreasing returns to scale (DRS). In contrast, the performance of the five leading players seemed superior because their average efficiency scores were higher than the industry’s average. Moreover, they were experiencing increasing scale efficiency (IRS). We draw on these findings to suggest to policymakers that supporting technologically intensive sectors should be more than simply increasing investment scale; rather, it should also encompass assisting businesses in developing efficient managerial processes for R&D.

关键词: Data Envelopment Analysis     R&D investment efficiency     China’s listed lithium battery enterprises     technical efficiency     pure technical efficiency     scale efficiency    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of CI engine fuelled with diesel and hydrogen

R. Senthil KUMAR,M. LOGANATHAN,E. James GUNASEKARAN

期刊论文

Coupling evaluation for material removal and thermal control on precision milling machine tools

期刊论文

Real-time monitoring of brake shoe keys in freight cars

Rong ZOU,Zhen-ying XU,Jin-yang LI,Fu-qiang ZHOU

期刊论文

Wear mechanism of disc-brake block material for new type of drilling rig

WANG Xinhua, WANG Simin, ZHANG Siwei, WANG Deguo

期刊论文

Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

期刊论文

distribution of modulated multi-pulse injection modes based diesel HCCI combustion and their effects on engine thermalefficiency and emissions

LIU Bin, SU Wanhua, WANG Hui, HUANG Haozhong

期刊论文

Thermal and energy analysis of a Chinese kang

Zhi ZHUANG, Yuguo LI, Xudong YANG, Bin CHEN, Jiaping LIU,

期刊论文

Transient analysis of thermoelastic contact problem of disk brakes

Ali BELHOCINE, Mostefa BOUCHETARA

期刊论文

Peroxyacetyl nitrate measurements by thermal dissociation–chemical ionization mass spectrometry in an

Xinfeng Wang, Tao Wang, Likun Xue, Wei Nie, Zheng Xu, Steven C. N. Poon, Wenxing Wang

期刊论文

Experimental study of heat transfer coefficient with rectangular baffle fin of solar air heater

Foued CHABANE,Nesrine HATRAF,Noureddine MOUMMI

期刊论文

一种高效的二冲程发动机概念——结合空气混合动力系统的增压 直流扫气式直喷汽油(BUSDIG)发动机

王新颜, 赵华

期刊论文

Three-dimensional electromagnetic analysis and design of permanent magnet retarder

Lezhi YE, Desheng LI, Bingfeng JIAO

期刊论文

The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiency

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

期刊论文

Impact of oxygen enriched combustion on the performance of a single cylinder diesel engine

K. RAJKUMAR, P. GOVINDARAJAN

期刊论文

Evaluating R&D efficiency of China’s listed lithium battery enterprises

期刊论文